Bipolar Disorder: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Understanding Bipolar Disorder: An Overview

Bipolar disorder, commonly known as manic depression, is a chronic mental health condition. It is characterized by severe mood fluctuations that disrupt daily life — ranging from extreme highs (mania) to extreme lows (depression).

Bipolar disorder typically first appears during teenage years or early adulthood and tends to be more prevalent in females than males. Mood episodes, shifting from depression to mania can occur infrequently or several times per year, with each episode typically lasting a few days. Between episodes, some people have long periods of emotional stability.

While bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition, mood swings and other symptoms can be managed by adhering to a treatment plan. In most cases, healthcare providers use medication and psychotherapy, to treat the disorder.

Common Signs of Bipolar Disorder: What to Look For

Individuals with bipolar disorder go through phases of intense mood swings at different times:

• Manic (or hypomanic) phase: Experiencing extreme euphoria or a heightened sense of elation. Hypomania refers to a state that is less than mania'. Its symptoms are similar to those of a manic episode, but they are milder and don't persist for long. During the hypomanic period, mood shifts are less intense, meaning they are less likely to interfere with your performance at work or social interactions.
• Depressive episodes: Feeling deep down, hopeless, and overwhelmingly sad.

For now, let’s look at common symptoms that occur in each phase:

Bipolar-disorder-symptoms

Types of Bipolar Disorder: Different Forms Explained

There are two different types of Bipolar Disorder:

• Bipolar I — characterized by intense, prolonged manic episodes along with periods of depression. It may also involve psychosis, where distinguishing between reality and delusion becomes difficult.
• Bipolar II — marked by less severe highs (hypomania) that last only a few hours or days, along with depressive episodes. There are also periods of normal mood between episodes.

Another form of bipolar disorder is cyclothymic disorder, which leads to less extreme mood swings but still affects daily functioning.

Early Warning Signs of Bipolar Disorder: Recognizing the Symptoms

Here are signs to watch for that may suggest someone has bipolar disorder:

• Difficulty sleeping
• Exhibiting excessive energy
• Acting as though they can accomplish or achieve anything they desire
• Appearing “wired,” restless, or on edge
• Believing they are more important or better connected than others
• Reacting with anger or aggression when their actions or opinions are questioned
• Frequently engaging in risky behaviors, such as unsafe driving, reckless sexual activity, overspending, or excessive use of alcohol or drugs
• Experiencing hallucinations or delusions, causing them to see, hear, or feel things that aren’t real
• Failing to recognize the inappropriateness of their actions or the potential consequences of their behavior

Recognizing signs in yourself:

• Repeated bouts of major depression
• First major depressive episode occurring before age 25
• Having a close relative with bipolar disorder
• Experiencing elevated mood and energy levels compared to most people when not depressed
• Overeating and excessive sleeping during depressive episodes
• Losing touch with reality while in a depressive state
• Developing mania or hypomania after starting an antidepressant
• Antidepressant effectiveness fading after just a few months
• Lack of success after trying multiple different antidepressants

Recognizing signs of Bipolar Disorder in children:

• Sleep disturbances
• Anxiety disorder
• Becoming much more excited or irritable than other children
• Experiencing mood swings that are significantly more extreme than those of other children

Causes of Bipolar Disorder: What Triggers This Condition?

The precise cause of bipolar disorder is not entirely known. Several factors contribute to the likelihood of developing the condition, including biological, environmental, and social influences (such as psychological stress).

1. Genetic

In 80% of individuals with bipolar disorder, genetics plays a significant role. If one parent has the condition, there is a 1 in 10 probability that their child will develop it as well. If both parents have bipolar disorder, the risk increases to 4 in 10. Ongoing medical research is exploring how genetic factors influence the likelihood of developing bipolar disorder.

2. Chemical Imbalances

Bipolar disorder can develop when the body has difficulty producing and regulating specific brain chemicals (neurotransmitters) such as adrenaline, dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, and GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), along with certain hormones. Brain imaging studies indicate that structural changes may be visible in the brains of individuals with bipolar disorder.

3. Stressful Circumstances

In individuals susceptible to bipolar disorder, a stressful situation or experience can trigger a manic or depressive episode. This may involve:

• Physical, sexual, or emotional abuse during childhood
• Family conflicts
• Other significant life-altering events

Clytie Robinette, Head of Marketing and Content Strategy, said Genetics significantly influence bipolar disorder. Research indicates familial patterns, suggesting a genetic predisposition. At Anew Therapy, we focus on holistic approaches because mental health conditions, including bipolar disorder, often involve a mix of genetic, chemical, and environmental factors. At Anew, we emphasize personalized care, integrating therapy to address environmental impacts alongside rapid-action treatments like ketamine for mood stabilization.

Treatment Options for Bipolar Disorder: A Comprehensive Guide

Bipolar disorder can be effectively treated, but it requires careful and continuous management. Treatment typically includes long-term medication, as well as psychological therapy and lifestyle adjustments.

1. Initial Treatment

Most individuals with bipolar disorder are initially prescribed medications to help stabilize their mood. A doctor will select and adjust the medications based on the person's unique needs. These may include mood stabilizers and/or antipsychotic drugs.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is occasionally recommended by psychiatrists, but only when medications fail to effectively stabilize a person’s mood.

2. Ongoing Treatment

The aim of ongoing treatment is to prevent relapse, strengthen resilience, and enhance quality of life. This may involve one or more of the following medications:

• Antidepressants — can be helpful for a short period, but for those with bipolar disorder, they should only be taken alongside a mood stabilizer.
• Lithium — a long-term mood stabilizer.
• Anticonvulsants such as valproate, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine.
• Antipsychotic medications like olanzapine, aripiprazole, quetiapine, and risperidone.

For effective management of bipolar disorder, it's crucial to take your medications exactly as prescribed. If you're concerned about any side effects, talk to your doctor. They may be able to adjust your treatment or suggest ways to manage the issue.

Alternatively, you can also try using Nootropic Supplements. Supplements can help if taken with proper guidance. One such popular nootropic supplement is CogniUltra which can provide support. It has L-glutamine and L-tyrosine which may help in the production of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are responsible in Bipolar disorder for changes in mood.

3. Therapy

Bipolar Treatment Options

Psychological therapies, or "talking therapies," can be beneficial in managing bipolar disorder alongside medication. These include:

• Psychotherapy
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
• Counseling

These therapies can help lower the risk of relapse and enhance quality of life. During therapy, you may learn to view life events differently and respond in more constructive ways. Therapy can also teach you how to cope with stressors that may have triggered episodes in the past.

Lifestyle Changes to Manage Bipolar Disorder: Practical Tips

Some of the lifestyle changes that can help manage stress include:

• Maintain a Healthy Diet
• Stick to a Regular Exercise Routine
• Ensure Adequate Sleep
• Set Aside Time for Meditation
• Manage Stress Effectively
• Eliminate Drugs and Alcohol
• Develop a Support System
• Keep a Personal Journal

Coping with Bipolar Disorder: Support for Patients and Families

Watching a loved one experience the symptoms of bipolar disorder can be challenging, but there are many ways you can provide support while also taking care of yourself. Here are some approaches to consider:

• Be open and honest about bipolar disorder
• Learn to recognize their warning signs and triggers
• Create a plan for tough times
• Talk about behaviors that you find difficult
• Avoid making assumptions

Myths and Facts About Bipolar Disorder: Debunking Common Misconceptions

Learn how to separate fact from fiction for an illness that's often shrouded in myth and misconceptions:

1. Kids Can't Get It

Bipolar disorder isn't limited to adults—it can also affect children and teenagers. If your child has bipolar disorder, it may occur alongside other mental health conditions like ADHD, which can make diagnosis more challenging.

2. Alcohol and Drugs Don’t Play a Role

While these substances don’t cause bipolar disorder, they can worsen the symptoms and trigger their return. Additionally, alcohol addiction can complicate the treatment of bipolar disorder, making it more difficult to manage.

3. Stress isn’t a Factor

Stressful situations can provoke bipolar episodes or symptoms. To reduce tension, you might consider relaxation techniques such as yoga, mindfulness, or deep-breathing practices.

When to Seek Help for Bipolar Disorder: Key Signs to Consider

If you experience any signs of depression or mania, consult your healthcare provider or mental health specialist. Bipolar disorder doesn’t improve by itself.

A mental health expert with experience in bipolar disorder can assist you in managing your symptoms.

Additionally, if you're considering self-harm or have a loved one at risk of suicide or attempting suicide, seek immediate help.